About 370,000 workers were underpaid during last year, according to the Low Pay Commission in a report just out – a slight increase on the previous year but below estimated pre-pandemic numbers.
It also comes in the context of overall minimum wage coverage jumping substantially between 2023 and 2024. This means that numbers underpaid as a share of coverage – a measure used to think about the relative probability of low-paid workers being underpaid – fell in the latest data.
Baroness Philippa Stroud, LPC Chair, said: “Too often the low-paid workers we speak with feel powerless and cut adrift from the institutions which exist to protect them. This can cause low-paid workers to put up with poor employment conditions and underpayment for fear of repercussions.
“The all-too-common experience of insecurity and uncertainty over their rights can discourage workers from reporting underpayment or trying to find better jobs. A strategy to end underpayment will begin with restoring low-paid workers’ confidence.
“The Government’s ambitions for the minimum wage should be backed by a similar level of ambition for enforcement. The Fair Work Agency is a unique opportunity to reform labour rights enforcement; and the Employment Rights Bill picks up several relevant recommendations previously made by the LPC. Our report restates the scale of this problem and suggests some fundamental ways the new agency could build confidence in the enforcement system.”
The report looks at the scale and nature of underpayment; its persistence for workers; and the performance of the enforcement regime. Evidence from the last decade suggests that for many underpaid workers, underpayment lasts a long time, and one in three remain stuck in underpaid jobs from one year to the next. In recent years, the tight labour market has enabled more underpaid workers to move into jobs where they get the correct wage. This has slowed in the most recent data as the tight labour market which followed the pandemic has started to unwind.
The LPC make several recommendations to Government on the enforcement system, from ensuring the right information is available for workers and employers to building its data and intelligence on the kinds of non-compliance which exist.
